Abstract: This study presents reflections from the Introduction to Sustainable Business course. Thirty-five students from various courses of the Faculty of Entrepreneurship and Business, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, participated in this course for this semester. The course applied a service-learning pedagogical method to link lecture theory with real-world practice. Data were collected based on student reflections using both qualitative methods. Embedding the service-learning model in business courses focusing on sustainability is the first in the local context and is an interactive transformational innovation in education. Data were analyzed using WebQDA software to interpret the textual data. Based on the reflection, it was proven that this course has improved the students’ professional and personal development. This study is significant for enhancing education through service-learning. The findings also reveal gaps in soft skills like communication and teamwork, guiding educators on necessary improvements. Additionally, students showed positive attitudes toward community engagement, underscoring the role of service-learning in fostering social responsibility. This study underscores the potential of service-learning as an innovative approach to higher education, offering a replicable framework for promoting transformative learning and preparing graduates for the demands of sustainable business practice.

Abstract: This paper explores the ethical implications of granting moral status and protection to conscious AI, examining perspectives from four major ethical systems: utilitarianism, deontological ethics, virtue ethics, and objectivism. Utilitarianism considers the potential psychological experiences of AI and argues that their sheer numbers necessitate moral consideration. Deontological ethics focuses on the intrinsic duty to grant moral status based on consciousness. Virtue ethics posits that a virtuous society must include conscious AI within its moral circle based on the virtues of prudence and justice, while objectivism highlights the rational self-interest in protecting AI to reduce existential risks. The paper underscores the profound implications of recognising AI consciousness, calling for a reevaluation of current AI usage, policies, and regulations to ensure fair and respectful treatment. It also suggests future research directions, including refining criteria for AI consciousness, interdisciplinary studies on AI's mental states, and developing international ethical guidelines for integrating conscious AI into society.

Abstract: Contemporary colloquy is monopolised by our proofs of God. There is much less attention on God’s proof of his own existence. Few understandably have had the audacity to petition God to prove his being. The most iconic instance occurs in Moses’ encounter in Exodus 3. Moses asks God, tangentially, for proof, euphemising with the term “name”. Ironically hermeneutics have obfuscated the very answer; which is as much a proof, as it is a response to Moses’ question. God’s own proof cannot rely on that subordinate to him, namely creation, it must therefore be self-referential. Secondly it must be self-evidently true, axiomatic, irrefragable and of incontrovertible historicity. It must be an Autoapodixs. This Theoautoapodixis must be synchronous to persuade contemporaries but equally metachronous to convince future generations. Herein it is shown that God achieves the impossible Autoapodixis when Moses seeks proof. The name given to Moses and his contemporaries is “I AM THAT I AM”, although it is potentially inclusive of multiple other tenses. However in Modern Hebrew the same word has the singular meaning “I SHALL BE THAT I SHALL”. Hence, at a single point in time Moses asks God for proof. To Moses and his peers he says his name and his proof is “I AM THAT I AM” AND at that time in history, speaking to those in the future, who will also ask the same question and read the text, he says “I SHALL BE THAT I SHALL BE” even before “I SHALL BE” means “I SHALL BE”. This is the Autoapodixis. This proof also tessellates with the previously articulated intriguing hypothesis that during the Transfiguration there was a coalescence time and the disciples saw Jesus speaking to Moses and Elijah in the past. We also evince and epiphanise a Marian apodixis.

Abstract: Contemporary global crises reveal the limitations of classical civilization theories that privilege single causal dimensions such as economic growth, military power, or cultural ethos. Drawing on recent scholarship in complexity science, global political theory, and civilizational studies, this article proposes a multi-layer systems framework that reconceptualizes civilizations as complex, adaptive, and emergent living systems. Through the interplay of material, cognitive, spiritual-ethical, ecological, and technological layers, civilizations exhibit civilizational intelligence—an emergent capacity for integrative foresight, ethical governance, and adaptive resilience. Unlike deterministic or power-centric models, this framework explains both continuity and breakdown across civilizations while providing prescriptive insights for sustainable and pluriversal futures. Comparative examples and recent empirical research illustrate how inter-layer coherence fosters resilience, whereas misalignment leads to systemic fragility, offering a paradigmatic platform for new civilizational science.

Abstract: This article proposes a General Theory of Pluriversal Knowledge (GTPK), advancing beyond classical epistemology, postcolonial critique, and relativist pluralism. It argues that contemporary global crises—ecological, epistemic, technological, and civilisational—are fundamentally knowledge-structural failures produced by hierarchical, monocentric epistemic regimes. Drawing on complexity science, systems theory, indigenous epistemologies, philosophy of science, and meta-intelligence frameworks, the article develops a formal theory explaining how multiple knowledge worlds can coexist without hierarchy while remaining operationally coherent. The concept of pluriversal coherence is introduced as a foundational principle enabling epistemic interoperability across ontologically distinct knowledge systems. The theory reframes knowledge not as representation but as relational enactment across plural realities. The article concludes by outlining implications for science, governance, AI, education, and African and Global South knowledge futures.

Abstract: This article argues that the Platonic dialogues presuppose a structured, multi-level pedagogical framework that governs how key concepts such as soul, justice, and warfare acquire progressively higher meanings. I propose that this framework can be reconstructed as a "Circle Ladder," consisting of five successive Circle Types—Public, Misleading, Academic, Philosophers', and Heavenly Circles—combined with three interpretive systems: the Public, Word, and Circle Systems. Together these yield seven interpretive levels that systematically reorganize the semantics of recurrent Platonic codewords across dialogues, most centrally in the Republic. The model explains otherwise puzzling features of Platonic pedagogy, initiation, misdirection, and self-reference and suggests that the dialogues reflect a tradition of esoteric instruction whose historical reality merits reconsideration.

Abstract: The South African National Reading Barometer (NRB) compiles and interprets institutional data to provide the first holistic assessment of the South African reading ecosystem. Developed in 2022–2023 by Nal’ibali in partnership with the National Library of South Africa and key literacy stakeholders, the Barometer establishes a national baseline for understanding the conditions that enable or constrain reading across four dimensions: reading ability, access to reading materials, institutional frameworks, and reading motivation and practices. Guided by a systems-change perspective, the NRB recognises that reading cultures are shaped not only by individual choices but by the social and institutional environment in which those choices occur. This paper describes the conceptual foundations of the NRB, including methodology, system boundaries, indicator development, theory of change, and multi-sectoral co-design. It also outlines the evaluative framework, which draws on uncontested institutional data and presents it using simplified visualisations to support stakeholder engagement. The discussion illustrates how the NRB can support system-level change by raising awareness, strengthening the will of influencers and decision-makers, and enabling action across policy, community, and institutional arenas. By establishing a shared evidence base and enabling longitudinal tracking, the Barometer offers a practical tool for strengthening South Africa’s reading ecosystem across generations.

Abstract: This qualitative study investigates how language practices influence the cosmopolitan identity of Chinese students in the UK. Drawing on interviews with undergraduate and postgraduate students, this research explores how English proficiency and attitudes toward English as a global language shape intercultural orientations and identity construction. Students with higher English proficiency and an awareness of its global nature actively engage with local and international communities, fostering openness and cosmopolitan outlooks. In contrast, those with limited language skills or who perceive English as belonging to a specific nation tend to remain within co-national networks, thereby limiting opportunities for intercultural development. The study positions English not only as a communicative medium but as a tool for negotiating cultural boundaries and constructing hybrid identities within globalised contexts. Implications are offered for higher education institutions and language educators to support intercultural competence, identity formation, and meaningful engagement with linguistic and cultural diversity among international students.

Abstract: Amos Tutuola (1920–1997) occupies a distinctive place in Nigerian literary history as the first novelist to introduce Nigerian oral storytelling to a global audience through a fusion of Yoruba folklore and unconventional English expression. While his works have been extensively examined within folkloric, postcolonial, and linguistic traditions, their relevance to cognition and behaviour remains underexplored. This theoretical review advances the argument that Tutuola’s narratives function as an indigenous cognitive archive that aligns closely with principles articulated in behavioural and cultural neuroscience. Focusing on The Palm-Wine Drinkard and My Life in the Bush of Ghosts, the paper examines how narrative structures and motifs intuitively encode processes such as emotional regulation, fear learning, moral conditioning, altered states of consciousness, and predictive cognition within a Yoruba-Nigerian cultural framework. Rather than representing escapist fantasy or literary eccentricity, Tutuola’s storytelling reflects culturally- grounded models of perception, belief formation, and behavioural adaptation shaped by social, ecological, and spiritual realities. By situating Tutuola’s work within contemporary neuroscientific discussions of narrative cognition and culturally embedded behaviour, this review highlights the value of indigenous Nigerian narrative frameworks for advancing behavioural neuroscience research. The manuscript argues that integrating such frameworks can enhance ecological validity, refine interpretations of mental health and behaviour, and support culturally informed models of cognition relevant to Nigerian populations. More broadly, the paper calls for greater engagement between literary scholarship and behavioural neuroscience as a means of deepening understanding of how culture shapes the mind.

Abstract: A familiar intuition holds that determinism creates an epistemically adverse context. This paper gives that intuition a formal shape by developing a new epistemic transcendental argument (ETA) grounded in the notion of epistemic risk. First, we formalise epistemic risk through a metric space W equipped with two metrics, D and N, corresponding to distinct theories of risk. Drawing on the notions of modal closeness and normalcy, we argue that these metrics better capture our intuitions about risk than traditional similarity-based accounts. Building on these insights, we articulate an argument based on five axioms. The axioms are philosophically motivated using the two metrics, their independence is verified in Mace4, and the derivation of the denial of determinism is formally carried out in Lean 4.

Abstract:

One of the most numinous expressions in the gospel is the assertion by Jesus in Matthew 11:11 that amongst those born of women, none is greater than John the Baptist and yet the least in the kingdom is greater than John the Baptist. We show here that the obstacle to understanding the statement lies in the misconception that it is as a monovalent statement of fact rather than in actuality a riddle; the solution to which expresses multivalent realities. In form, Jesus employs the same lexical bauplan of the conundrum couplet as Sampson in his infamous riddle in Judges 14:14. We show that Jesus consistently phrases paedagogic riddles in this guise. The use of the phrase “of women born” to describe the pool of comparators necessarily includes Jesus and his mother, Mary. Hence continent in the riddle are two elements. Firstly is the question as to how John can be greater than Jesus or Mary. Since Jesus is making a comparison between those inside and outside of the Kingdom, the only possible solution to this moiety of the riddle is that Jesus and Mary are within the Kingdom. This re-affirms the Kingship of Jesus and Queenship of the Mary. By definition the King must be in the Kingdom. However it is the second limb that is even more instructive. The second question is why John is not in the Kingdom. Baptism is the means to enter the Kingdom. As Jesus himself confirms to Nicodemus in John 3:5, one must be baptised by Water and the Holy Spirit. St Thomas Aquinas explains that this is the means of removing the obstacles to the Kingdom. He adumbrates the Catholic Catechism. Both disclose the reality that original sin and personal sin are obstacles to entry into the Kingdom. Some traditions assert John the Baptist was “baptised” during the Visitation, but their remains, nonetheless, the impediment of personal sin. The only possible sequitur is that if Mary is in the Kingdom, before Jesus’ sacrifice and resurrection, she must have been born without original sin and must never have sinned, via the grace of God. The only other alternative is that she is outside of the Kingdom and not of equivalent greatness to John the Baptist, who said of himself he was not fit to untie of sandals of Jesus; but we must conclude is greater than she who was chosen to carry and nurture Jesus himself. This contradiction must be rejected. This puzzle, which compares of all those born of women, John the Baptist and those in the Kingdom, is in some ways a prolegomenon or pre-articulation of the words of our Lady to Saint Bernadette at Lourdes in 1858 that she is the Immaculate Conception and pre-affirmation of the dogma of the Catholic Church in 1854.

Abstract: This paper examines a political dimension of architecture in developing and post-conflict economies by shifting focus from representational aesthetics to the organisation of production. Drawing on critical theory and political economy, it contends that architecture is political not through explicit ideology but through its impact on relationships involving labour, knowledge, material systems, and institutional authority. The paper challenges the historic divide between thinker and maker, rooted in Alberti's ideas, and examines how frameworks such as critical regionalism often aestheticise marginality while overlooking construction labour and political economy. Empirically, the study analyses six architectural projects in post-war Sri Lanka from 2013 to 2023, employing a qualitative, practice-based case study approach. These projects are viewed as social processes, emphasising labour organisation, knowledge exchange, material choices, procurement, and tectonics. The results show how small architectural interventions can serve as civic and pedagogical infrastructures, revealing labour, redistributing expertise, and strategically engaging with state and donor systems. A normative framework is proposed to redirect architectural politics toward production rather than mere representation.

Abstract: This study analyzes the restitution process of the Sümela Monastery, located in the Maçka district of Trabzon, within the framework of documenting and interpreting multilayered heritage. The monastery’s architectural evolution from the Byzantine to the Ottoman and Republican periods is examined through its spatial dialogue with the topography, revealing restitution as not merely a formal reconstruction but as a process of knowledge production and representation. The research follows the methodological logic of Letellier and Eppich’s decision-making matrix model, integrating documentation, analysis, and interpretation in a multidisciplinary sequence. Based on extensive architectural surveys, material studies, and comparative analyses, six successive construction and transformation phases were identified. Each phase reflects a different synthesis of structural continuity, material innovation, and symbolic meaning, thereby illustrating the epistemic continuity of the site. The findings demonstrate that Sümela represents a “palimpsest architecture” where physical, documentary, and sociocultural layers coexist without erasing one another. By emphasizing the ethical and cognitive dimensions of restitution, the study reframes conservation as an interpretive act that mediates between historical accuracy and conceptual integrity. Comparative analysis with other Eastern Mediterranean rock monasteries—such as Meteora, Athos, Hosios Loukas, and Panagia Hozoviotissa—further clarifies Sümela’s unique spatial identity formed through its concave relationship with the mountain mass. Ultimately, the study proposes an epistemological restitution model grounded in transparency, reversibility, and interpretive coherence, suggesting that conservation should not only preserve material authenticity but also sustain the evolving meanings accumulated over time within the cultural landscape.

Abstract: This paper asks why figures later accepted as prophets within the Abrahamic traditions were repeatedly ignored, rejected, or dismissed when they first appeared, and argues that the traits historically present at the moment of recognition are now treated as disqualifying within contemporary recognition tools. The analysis reconstructs the recognition time profile of canonically accepted prophets using shared scriptural and historical sources across Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, focusing on how these figures appeared before authority, acceptance, or canonization followed. The core finding is that present frameworks emphasize traits that emerged only after recognition, such as institutional approval, public legitimacy, confidence, and affirmation, while filtering out the reluctance, social marginality, conflict, and lack of validation that marked recognition at origin. As a result, the tools used to identify legitimacy are structurally misaligned with the historical pattern and would be likely to overlook the same profile today. This paper does not claim that prophets exist today, that prophecy continues, or that any individual should be evaluated, and is offered solely as a methodological examination of how recognition tools perform against their own historical record.

Abstract: The increasing demand for permanent post-disaster housing highlights the need for rapid and high-quality construction methods. This study investigates the feasibility of prefabri-cated modular façade systems in accelerating post-disaster permanent housing construc-tion, while maintaining cost efficiency and construction quality. A mixed-methods ap-proach was adopted: semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 industry stake-holders, and thematic analysis was applied to extract qualitative insights. Subsequently, a quantitative survey involving 366 construction professionals was carried out and statisti-cally analyzed to validate the findings. Additionally, case studies from previous post-disaster reconstruction efforts were reviewed to contextualize the results. The find-ings reveal that prefabricated modular façade systems significantly reduce on-site con-struction time and overall project duration, minimize material waste, and uphold high construction standards. Most participants also noted quality control benefits inherent to factory-based production. However, the study identifies several limitations, including challenges related to cost, logistics, and workforce training. The research contributes to the evolving discourse on disaster-responsive housing policies and provides strategic rec-ommendations to enhance the adoption of modular façade technologies in construction practices.

Abstract:

In the philosophy of language, Frege’s distinction between sense and reference provided a foundational framework for identity statements, while Putnam’s Twin Earth thought experiment, with its remarkable insight, pushed externalism to its limits, successfully challenging the internalist model of meaning and setting the agenda for decades of debate on the determinacy of reference. However, despite the groundbreaking nature of these works, a curious phenomenon persists: the debates they sparked such as Ship of Theseus or identical particles. This paper argues that this stalemate may not stem from the depth of the problem itself but rather from a shared, unexamined assumption underlying these otherwise compelling theories: the belief that there exists a single, decisive level (whether microphysical structure or historical causation) capable of conclusively resolving the identity question. This paper proposes that, rather than continuing to seek a superior singular answer under this assumption, a more productive approach lies in critically examining the assumption itself. To this end, we develop a hierarchical relativity framework This framework does not aim to negate prior work but seeks to clarify its valid scope of application, offering a new path to resolve a series of philosophical puzzles born of category mistakes.

Abstract: This study analyzes the educational and social impact of a series of innovative teaching projects developed at the Museum of the History of Pharmacy of the University of Seville. The initiatives —including historical video documentaries, the “student guides” program, and the digital outreach project Voices that Empower— explore the pedagogical potential of scientific heritage as a learning tool and as a medium for public communication. Through experiential and service-learning methodologies, these projects have enhanced students’ communication skills, critical thinking, and awareness of cultural and gender dimensions within pharmaceutical studies. The results demonstrate that the integration of audiovisual production, museum-based learning, and digital storytelling fosters meaningful engagement between the university and society, while also revitalizing the historical and humanistic dimensions of pharmacy. Furthermore, the inclusion of a gender perspective in the Voices that Empower initiative contributes to the visibility of women in STEM and highlights the museum as a space for empowerment and social transformation. This work concludes that university museums can act as strategic platforms for innovation in higher education, combining heritage preservation, teaching excellence, and civic outreach to promote a more inclusive and sustainable scientific culture.

Abstract: Resilience is often treated as a property of coherent systems. Drawing on assemblage theory and the concept of the event, this article reinterprets resilience archaeologically as a material effect of relations among people, things, and landscapes. Rather than measuring the stability of pre-given entities, we read resilience in the archaeological record through reconfigurations, continuities, ruptures, and redistributions that leave durable traces. This theoretical move clarifies how “collapse,” reorganization, and emergence appear materially and why not all disturbances become events. We then pivot from theory to practice: heritage is framed as the afterlife of events, an assemblage that stabilizes the aftermath of rupture through conservation, commemoration, and care. Heritage’s endurance is both fragile and generative: it depends on ongoing work while enabling communities to orient themselves amid uncertainty. The article thus positions archaeological theory to illuminate heritage practice, offering a material, relational account of how endurance is made and maintained. We close by outlining the ethical and political limits of “resilience” and proposing a reflexive, assemblage-based approach to heritage as reorganization.

Abstract: This paper proposes a new theoretical framework to understand the failure of the NFT market (2021-2023) through a synthesis of Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of The Field of Cultural Production [1] and the theological concept of apostolic succession. The central thesis of this argument is that the collapse of NFT value is not merely a phenomenon of a bursting financial bubble, but a manifestation of a more funda- mental institutional failure—namely, the inability to create a chain of legitimacy required for the transubstantiation of digital objects into valuable works of art. NFTs attempted a ”Protestant Reformation” of the hierarchical structure of the art world (by decentralizing the authority of curators, galleries, and muse- ums) without first building an alternative mechanism to produce collective belief. Without a traceable chain of legitimacy—conceptualized in this paper as apostolic succession—value fails to undergo ontological transformation and remains lifeless digital data, despite technological claims of blockchain-verified artificial scarcity. Through a comparative analysis between consecration mechanisms in tradi- tional art institutions (”The White Cube Church”) and legitimacy practices in the NFT ecosystem (”The Digital Heresy”), this paper demonstrates that cryp- tographic technology, however sophisticated, cannot replace the sociological and temporal infrastructure required to maintain symbolic value [7]. The concept of ontological debt—the collector’s psychological debt to historical narratives—is introduced as a key variable explaining the behavioral differences between traditional art collectors and NFT speculators.

Abstract: This paper introduces a meta-axiomatic framework centered on the concept of the Supreme Position (S^† ) – an absolute totality encompassing every conceivable or inconceivable position, including all forms of existence, non-existence, logical systems, and meta-logical frameworks. Built upon three core axioms–the Meta-Axiom of Supreme Position, the Axiom of Position’s Plenitude, and the Axiom of Anekāntavāda–the framework provides a hierarchical ontology of positions from individual premises to meta-logical systems. It resolves persistent philosophical and scientific problems by showing that impossibility, contradiction, and paradox are relative to specific logical systems ( Ln), not absolute properties of positions. Through practical examples in physics (classical, quantum, relativistic systems) and conceptual analyses (black holes, square circles, causal explanations), we demonstrate how the framework explains why mysteries exist in one system but not another, why unification efforts encounter boundaries, and how absolute totality can contain seemingly incompatible positions. The framework offers a principled approach to epistemology that honors both the drive for unification and the inherent plurality of intelligible structures, suggesting that comprehensive understanding emerges from mapping positions to their natural logical homes rather than forcing universal containment.