Abstract: This paper initiates a dual-route derivations of Hubble's Law within standard relativistic and Newtonian frameworks, grounded in the intrinsic perfect symmetry of the local inertial frame. This reveals that the fundamental aim of a local inertial frame's motion is to restore Poincaré symmetry, from which it follows that the flow velocity of a strong gravitational field equals its gravitational acceleration multiplied by one second. Thus the standard theories inherently contain the seed of dynamic field theory. Mass Complex Space Theory (MCST) is the guidance to push the standard theories toward full dynamization and higher-dimensionalization. MCST introduces the “Quadruple State of the Planck Quantum ☯(h, Φ_ih, Φ_h, ih )” as the elementary complex-space generating element, whose hyper-cycle dynamically unifies matter and spacetime. A key finding is that gravitational field space is constituted by diverging negative-energy “positron state ( )”. Consequently, dark matter and dark energy are unified as field effects of hyper-cycling mass complex space. Emergent from this framework is a gravitational circulation field ( ). This field makes the apparent Keplerian mass exhibits a counter-intuitive monotonic decrease (mass inversion) in the outer halo of the Milky Way (22.5–26.5 kpc). Moreover, owing to its intrinsic “negative-energy positron state” property, naturally generates huge magnetic field toriods, the structure of which aligns remarkably with the observed galactic magnetic field, thereby achieving a preliminary structural unification of gravitation and electromagnetism on galactic scales without additional assumptions, and further providing theoretical foundation for the quantization research on the unification at the subatomic scale.

Abstract: Time remains one of the most elusive concepts in physics, lying at the intersection of quantum mechanics, relativity, and thermodynamics. This work proposes a reformulation in which time arises as a local informational field rather than as a universal coordinate. Temporal direction is identified with gradients in stored information, linking geometry and entropy through an informational potential that generates both curvature and the arrow of time. The resulting field Ta(x)=∂aSinfo(x) defines causal order and temporal flow through local information exchange, unifying dynamical evolution and entropic asymmetry within a single framework. The formulation preserves general relativity in the macroscopic limit while extending its validity to microscopic regimes where information dynamics supersede geometric structure. It thus offers a coherent physical basis for temporal asymmetry, a bridge between quantum and gravitational descriptions, and a platform for simulating time as an observable field.

Abstract: Recently, Figueroa et al. demonstrated that steady streaming can be generated by the oscillatory motion of a floating magnet driven by electromagnetic forcing in a shallow electrolytic layer. They also found that the rotation direction of the resulting steady vortices is opposite to that of classical streaming flows. In this work, we present a theoretical and experimental investigation of the fluid–structure interaction between a freely moving wall and an oscillatory flow. Our objective is to elucidate the coupling mechanism between the fluid and the oscillating body that gives rise to reverse streaming and to apply this analysis to the case of a freely moving wavy wall. The flow is analyzed theoretically and an analytical solution is obtained using a perturbation method. Experimental results based on Particle Image Velocimetry are also presented, where an oscillatory flow generated by an electromagnetic force in an electrolyte layer drives a wavy wall floating on the surface. The results confirm the occurrence of reverse streaming and demonstrate that the flow dynamics depend on the density ratio between the freely moving solid and the fluid. The analytical solution qualitatively captures the behavior observed in the experiments.

Abstract: Similar to electroweak interaction, strong force and electromagnetism can have similar Higgs mechanism mediated interaction. Thus, gluons can acquire mass. And, neural colored gluons have larger mass than colored gluons. Total, we can have eight gluons without red-anti-red gluon. The puzzle of proton or neutron mass can be solved. We can also derive a new SU(5) model to include all the above eight gluons, three W/Z bosons, photon, Higgs boson, three generations of leptons and quarks to make a new 5x5 SU(5) model. Wightman axioms can be fulfilled in this new SU(5) without causing proton decay crisis. We can also add the 4x4 four dimensional spacetime tensor integrating mass-energy density, light pressure, electric fields, and magnetic fields as well as four gradients to make a new contravariant SO(10) model. Weyl tensor and Ricci tensor related to the new SO(10) model are also given. Thus, grand unified theory or theory of everything can be obtained, that is compatible with four dimensional spacetime without extra-dimension needed in string theories.

Abstract: Alena Tensor is a recently discovered class of energy-momentum tensors that proposes a general equivalence of the curved path and geodesic for analyzed spacetimes which allows the analysis of physical systems in curvilinear (GR), classical and quantum descriptions. This paper demonstrates that extending the existing dust description to a form that provides a full matter energy-momentum tensor in GR, naturally leads to the development of a halo effect for continuum media. This result provides a good approximation of the galaxy rotation curve for approximately 100 analyzed objects from the SPARC catalog and allows for further adjustments dependent on anisotropy and energy flux. The same equations in flat spacetime allow for the inclusion of rotation-related effects in the quantum description, model quantum vortices and reproduce Mashhoon effect. This provides a physical interpretation of mass generation as an emergent property of the phase-spin equilibrium and enables a reconstruction of the Yukawa and Higgs mechanisms as consequence of the stability conditions of quantum vortices.

Abstract: The Future–Mass–Projection (FMP) framework replaces particle dark matter by a nonlocal, entropically weighted projection of future baryonic mass distributions onto the present. In its cosmological implementation, a short-horizon, zero–DC future kernel modifies the linear growth source while keeping the homogeneous background expansion H(z) effectively indistinguishable from ΛCDM. In this work we analyse the predictions of the entropic FMP model for the linear growth observable fσ8(z) as a function of redshift and confront them with current redshift-space-distortion (RSD) measurements from 6dF, BOSS, eBOSS, WiggleZ, VIPERS and related surveys. For a finite future horizon ΔT ≃ 0.25H−1 0 and a dimensionless kernel amplitude η ≃ −4.3 (in units where H0 = 1), the band-averaged modification μ(a) induces a natural ∼ 10–15% suppression of fσ8(z) in the range z ≃ 0.3–0.8, while asymptoting back to the ΛCDM track at low and high redshift. A simple χ2 comparison, performed on a Planck-2018 background and treating current fσ8 points as uncorrelated, yields χ2 FMP ≃ 12.7 versus χ2 ΛCDM ≃ 11.8 for nine data points. Both models give statistically equivalent fits (reduced χ2 ≃ 1.4 and 1.3 respectively); ΛCDM is slightly preferred in this diagnostic sense, but the difference Δχ2 ≃ 0.9 is far below any meaningful significance. The entropic FMP model therefore passes this first cosmology-light growth test and remains a viable alternative that predicts a specific, band-limited suppression pattern for future high-precision BAO+RSD data.

Abstract: This work introduces the theoretical framework of Momentary Quantum Tunneling (MQT), proposing that the final state of a rotating black hole (Kerr geometry) is not a classical singularity, but rather a \emph{quantum bounce} of finite curvature, described by Loop Quantum Gravity (LQG). The classical metric function $\Delta(r)$ is regularized through \textbf{effective coupled functions of mass ($M$) and angular momentum ($a$)}, expressed as $\Delta_{q}(r) = r^2 - 2m_{\mathrm{eff}}(r)\,r + a_{\mathrm{eff}}^{2}(r)$, producing a nonsingular core. The resulting dynamics, derived from the effective Hamiltonian constraints of LQG, reveal a transient contraction–expansion cycle, in which the collapsing region undergoes a momentary tunneling into an expanding white-hole domain. Although this transition is ultrafast in internal proper time ($\tau$), it appears cosmologically long for an external observer due to extreme gravitational time dilation. This model provides a continuous gravitational evolution (collapse, bounce, and expansion), offering a semiclassical bridge between General Relativity and Quantum Mechanics. Potential astrophysical signatures and connections to cosmological bounces are discussed, suggesting a new route for resolving the black-hole information paradox.

Abstract: This paper proposes a fractal model of the universe, which includes and the additional dimensions. The universe's fractal is distinct from known fractals, it is adapted to the proposed theory. The cells of each fractal level is the self-similar components of the fractal and they are analogous to galaxies. A direct similarity exists between Hadrons and Galaxies, as they represent the self-similar cells of the fractal structure. These cells coexist in the universe only within groups, known as Atoms on the microscopic scale and Galaxy Groups/ Clusters on the cosmic scale. At each fractal level, the cells are initiated by nodes inspired by the stars. Electrons are the same hadrons, and hadrons's Nodes are formed from undetectable lower fractal levels, which replaces the currently assumed extra dimensions. In this model, quantum energy arises at any fractal level from nodes; they appear as excitations of equilibrium within fractal cells. In the universe, there exists both a fractal structure of matter accumulation and a parallel fractal of quanta. The unification of quanta with matter results in the emergence of material substance, thus requiring multiple frames of reference. Once the self-similar part of the fractal universe is correctly identified, a coherent model of the universe is obtained, one that also applies to undetectable subatomic levels. Through the rigorous definition of reference frames and by dividing the universe into multiple relative surfaces, a Theory of Everything can be derived. At every level of the fractal structure of the universe, there exist nodes (similar to stars) that emit their own sub-particles, which are absorbed by “nests” (molecular clouds). For this reason, the universe is dynamic and regenerative, on each fractal level. But the simple nature of the dynamics is followed by a large amount of different adjacent natures.

Abstract: We develop a quantitative framework linking quantum information copy time (QICT), gauge-coded quantum cellular automata (QCA), asymptotically safe gravity, and singlet-scalar dark matter. On the microscopic side, we consider an effectively one-dimensional diffusive channel embedded in a gauge-coded QCA with an emergent SU(3)$\times$SU(2)$\times$U(1) structure. For a conserved charge $Q$, we define an operational copy time $\tcopy(Q)$ and show, under explicit locality and hydrodynamic assumptions, that %\[ $\tcopy(Q)\;\propto\;\bigl(\chisqmicro\bigr)^{-1/2},$ %\] where $\chisqmicro$ is an information-theoretic susceptibility built from the Kubo--Mori metric and the inverse Liouvillian squared. A conditional theorem establishing this scaling, together with numerical tests on stabiliser-code models up to linear size $L=96$, is formulated below and proved in a Supplemental Material. Within a gauge-coded QCA that realises a single Standard-Model-like generation, we identify hypercharge $Y$ as the unique non-trivial anomaly-free Abelian direction that couples to both quark and lepton sectors, and we exhibit explicitly how, in the $(B,L,Y)$ charge space, anomaly cancellation singles out the hypercharge direction. We further show that, on the anomaly-free subspace, a quadratic susceptibility functional is extremised along the hypercharge direction. We then match the microscopic QICT parameters to a thermal Standard Model plasma at a benchmark temperature $T_\star = 3.1~\text{GeV}$, using ideal-gas expressions for susceptibilities, and adopt an asymptotically safe functional renormalisation group (FRG) benchmark for gravity + SM + neutrinos + a real singlet scalar $S$, summarised in a dimensionless mass parameter $\kappaeff$. Here $\kappaeff$ is treated as a phenomenological parameter, computed in a concrete truncation and then propagated as a prior with quantified uncertainty. Combining these ingredients yields a Golden Relation %\[ $m_S = \CLambda \sqrt{\kappaeff\,\chisqY},$ %\] which connects the physical mass $m_S$ of the singlet scalar to a QICT constant $\CLambda$, the hypercharge susceptibility $\chisqY$ at $T_\star$, and the FRG parameter $\kappaeff$. Using explicit numerical benchmarks %\[ $a = 0.197~\text{GeV}^{-1},\quad D_Y \simeq 0.10~\text{GeV}^{-1},\quad \frac{\chisqY}{T_\star^2} = 0.145 \pm 0.010,\quad \kappaeff = 0.136 \pm 0.019,\quad \CLambda = 1.6 \pm 0.2~\text{GeV}^{-1},$ %\] we obtain a mass band %\[ $m_S = 58.1 \pm 1.5~\text{GeV},$ %\] with a conservative interval %\[ $m_S \in [56.6,59.6]~\text{GeV}.$ %\] We then perform a minimal but complete phenomenological scan of the $Z_2$ singlet-scalar Higgs-portal model in the $(m_S,\lambda_{HS})$ plane, solving the Boltzmann equation for the relic density and applying current direct-detection and Higgs-invisible constraints. A set of representative viable points lies in the immediate vicinity of the Golden-Relation band near the Higgs resonance.

Abstract: In this paper we study the quantization of the cosmic critical density. Applying the generalized relational expression, we derive a quantized formula for the cosmic critical density and subsequently prove. We compare a graph of the three components of the formula, it reveals that the gravitational quantization term dominates during the very early universe and near the Planck time, suggesting it may be a consequence of a complete theory of quantum gravity. Last we find a primitive function which the Taylor expansion is this quantized formula. Our discussion is intriguing and heuristically valuable.

Abstract: . This work studies relaxation processes and transient currents in a disordered multi-component LC system, consisting of inductive and capacitive reactances (non-dissipative elements). At first glance, relaxation processes seem impossible in non-dissipative systems such as LC systems. Nevertheless, at the percolation threshold, we obtain the exact solution for the multi-component system, consisting of two different types of inductors and two different capacitors with random displacement and connections. It was shown that the effective conductivity of such a non-dissipative disordered system has a real value. This means that relaxation and transient currents arise in this problem. The relaxation times for these processes are established for both low and high frequencies. A physical interpretation of the obtained results is given.

Abstract: In Newton's theory of gravity, space is the universal container of all things and does not take any part in the movement of material bodies. However, there are a number of observations that are not described by this theory and are used as evidence for the theory of relativity and other theories that refute the absoluteness of space.This article discusses the possibility of departing from the absoluteness of space and supplementing Newton's theory of gravity with the hypothesis of the torsion of space by rotating space objects. The rationale for this approach is that the law of universal gravitation contains only the mass of the gravitating object, and does not take into account the influence of angular momentum, which is possessed by almost all space objects. Based on this hypothesis, formulas are derived for calculating the perihelion displacement of the planets of the solar system and the deflection of light when passing near the Sun. The obtained calculation results coincide with the observational data, which can be considered not only a justification of the hypothesis, but also a refutation of the assumption of the anomaly of these phenomena. It is established that the graph of the torsion velocity function of space has a physical meaning of the trajectory of free fall, since the force of gravity is directed tangentially to it.Considering the torsion of space by the rotating mass of the galaxy, an analytical expression for the rotation curves is obtained. which makes it possible to explain the features of the motion of matter in the disk of the galaxy. It has been established that, unlike the MOND theory, these features are not the result of violations of the law of universal gravitation and relativistic effects, but are explained by an external influence on the rotating space of the galaxy. Based on the logarithmic shape of the rotation curves in the far zone, which most fully corresponds to the observations, a universal analytical expression for the Tully-Fisher type relation is obtained in the form: v ~ln(M).

Abstract: This paper extends the substrate stress framework developed for Schwarzschild collapse to the Kerr geometry. The analysis begins with the exact Kerr Kretschmann scalar and expands all polynomial terms explicitly. A stress invariant is defined as σ(r, θ) = √|K(r, θ)|, and a critical value σc is interpreted as the threshold at which the continuum description fails; σc is treated as a phenomenological parameter that characterizes the substrate’s curvature tolerance. The condition σ(r, θ) = σc then determines the failure radius rc(θ), which depends on latitude due to the anisotropic curvature introduced by rotation. The resulting structure is oblate, with its largest radius near the equatorial plane and its smallest radius near the rotation axis. The Kerr ring singularity is never reached within this framework because the stress threshold is encountered at a finite radius. This produces a geometric picture of rotating collapse bounded by a stress-limited surface rather than a classical singularity, and the structure reduces to the Schwarzschild result when the spin parameter is set to zero. This construction yields a covariant framework for analyzing curvature-driven failure in rotating collapse and clarifies how spin modifies the internal geometric structure of black holes.

Abstract:

We establish through rigorous mathematical proof that no physical constant can be ‘absolute’ in the sense of being simultaneously determinable with infinite precision, independent of measurement scale, and independent of cosmological epoch. Our framework rests on three pillars: (i) information-theoretic bounds (Bekenstein-Holographic principle), (ii) renormalization group analysis, and (iii) functional analysis of oscillatory operators on Sobolev spaces. We introduce the Dynamic Zero Operator (DZO)—a rigorously defined linear operator on H²(ℝ) with oscillatory kernel—and prove that: (a) Borwein π-algorithms converge to DZO fixed points, (b) Riemann zeta zeroes are DZO eigenvalues for specific kernel choice, (c) the geometric constant π is not absolute but emerges as scale-dependent projection π_eff(Λ, R). This establishes a profound trinity: Borwein algorithms ↔ DZO spectral theory ↔ ζ(s) zeroes, unified by modular symmetry and phase cancellation. We provide: (1) complete proof that ΛCDM parameters (H₀, Λ) cannot be fundamental constants, (2) numerical example demonstrating π_eff(Λ) dependence, (3) testable predictions linking Borwein convergence to GUE statistics. This falsifies ΛCDM as currently formulated and provides foundation for scale-dependent effective cosmology.

Abstract: The Timeless Counterspace & Shadow Gravity (TCGS) framework postulates that the observable three-dimensional (3-D) universe is a shadow manifold Σ embedded in a four-dimensional (4-D) Counterspace (C, G_AB,Ψ) that contains the full content of all apparent “time stages”. In previous work, this ontology was applied to cosmology and biological evolution (SEQUENTION), and later extended to a geometric description of atomic orbitals as “electronic filaments” anchored to a single singular origin p0 ∈ C. The present manuscript consolidates that atomic programme in light of three recent classes of empirical evidence: (i) the experimental demonstration of the Pusey–Barrett–Rudolph (PBR) theorem on superconducting processors, (ii) the first observation of solar neutrino chargedcurrent interactions on 13C in SNO+, and (iii) the ALICE Collaboration’s tomographic reconstruction of deuteron formation from short-lived Δ resonances in high-energy proton–proton collisions. We show that these results jointly provide an “ontological license” to abandon purely probabilistic atoms. The PBR test rules out ψ-epistemic models and—when reinterpreted cartographically—forces hidden variables to reside in the 4-D bulk rather than in the 3-D shadow. Within TCGS, the quantum state is redefined as a tomographic map of a rigid 4-D filament, not a standalone 3-D object. The SNO+ data clarifies the role of neutrinos: rather than passive agents in a collapse process, they act as topological torsion operators that perform geometric surgery on nuclear knots, pushing stable isotopes into metastable corridors in Counterspace. The ALICE analysis then reveals that stable light nuclei (deuterons) are crystallized products of specific resonance ancestries, confirming that nuclear stability is a property of projection geometry and knot ancestry, not of pointlike constituents. On this basis we construct a unified “Crystallography of the Atom” in which: (1) the wavefunction is a 3-D tomogram of a 4-D isopotential filament; (2) the nucleus is a geometric knot with isotope-dependent docking admissibility; (3) neutrinos carry quantized torsion that re-anchors the singular set S ⊂ C; and (4) halflives and delays are reinterpreted as arc lengths along metastable corridors in the foliation parameter. The framework preserves all standard quantum predictions but replaces ontic probabilities with geometric rigidity and corridor depth. We outline empirical tests—from modified PBR experiments to neutrino interactions on additional isotopes—that can discriminate this geometric atom from conventional probabilistic interpretations.

Abstract: We develop a variational principle in which spacetime curvature emerges from the preservation of informational identity along dynamical trajectories. The approach is motivated by the Viscous Time Theory (VTT) framework, where finite informational latency replaces an assumed geometric background. Instead of postulating a metric structure a priori, informational geodesics are defined as the paths that minimize a latency functional representing the local cost of identity reorganization in viscous time. The second-order structure of this action induces a symmetric bilinear form that behaves as an emergent metric tensor. Classical geodesic motion and the Einstein field equation are recovered in the limit of uniform latency density, showing that General Relativity arises as a special case of the more general informational action. The framework predicts curvature-like effects in regimes with negligible mass–energy but strong identity constraints, including coherent condensed-matter phases and entangled quantum systems. These predictions outline a testable research program connecting differential geometry with informational dynamics.

Abstract: We present Aṇubuddhi, a multi-agent AI system that designs and simulates quantum optics experiments from natural language prompts without requiring specialized programming knowledge. The system composes optical layouts by arranging components from a three-tier toolbox via semantic retrieval, then validates designs through physics simulation with convergent refinement. The architecture combines intent routing, knowledge-augmented generation, and dual-mode validation (QuTiP and FreeSim). We evaluated 13 experiments spanning fundamental optics (Hong-Ou-Mandel interference, Michelson/Mach-Zehnder interferometry, Bell states, delayed-choice quantum eraser), quantum information protocols (BB84 QKD, Franson interferometry, GHZ states, quantum teleportation, hyperentanglement), and advanced technologies (boson sampling, electromagnetically induced transparency, frequency conversion). The system achieves design-simulation alignment scores of 8--9/10, with simulations faithfully modeling intended physics. A critical finding distinguishes structural correctness from quantitative accuracy: high alignment confirms correct physics architecture, while numerical predictions require expert review. Free-form simulation outperformed constrained frameworks for 11/13 experiments, revealing that quantum optics diversity demands flexible mathematical representations. The system democratizes computational experiment design for research and pedagogy, producing strong initial designs users can iteratively refine through conversation.

Abstract: It is shown that the off-shell renormalization schemes for subtraction of ultraviolet divergences in Quantum Field Theory produce zero for sums of perturbative corrections to physical quantities when all perturbation orders are taken into account. That is the off-shell renor malization schemes are in this sense unphysical. In this connection it is desirable to develop on-shell renormalization schemes for different quantum theories.

Abstract: We present new high-dispersion optical spectra of the planetary nebula NGC 2371 obtained with the Manchester Echelle Spectrometer at the OAN-SPM 2.1-m telescope, complemented with 3D morpho-kinematic modelling using ShapeX. The data reveal that the present-day morphology of NGC 2371 is the outcome of multiple episodic mass-loss events rather than a single outflow. Our best-fitting model simultaneously reproduces the direct images and the Position–Velocity (PV) diagrams, and consists of a barrel-shaped shell with younger polar caps, extended bipolar lobes, and a pair of misaligned low-excitation [N ii] knots interpreted as jet-like ejections. The derived kinematical ages of the main structures, spanning ≃1600 to ≃4400 yr, indicate successive episodes of mass loss with different geometries and timescales. The nearly perpendicular bipolar lobes, the absence of a pronounced waist, and the surface distortions of the large-scale structures cannot be explained solely by standard axisymmetric wind interactions. Instead, our results point to a combination of shaping agents, including a late thermal pulse that produced the H-deficient [WR] central star, binary-driven interactions, and episodic jet activity. NGC 2371 thus emerges as a highly unusual planetary nebula, possibly involving physical processes that remain poorly explored in current models of PN formation and evolution.

Abstract: What does “Big Bang” actually mean? What was the origin of these two words? It has often been said that the expression “Big Bang” began as an insult. Even if this were true, it would be just an irrelevant part of the whole issue. There are many more as-pects hidden under this name, and which are seldom explained. They will be discussed in this work. In order to frame the analysis, help will be sought from the highly au-thoritative voices of two exceptional writers: William Shakespeare and Umberto Eco. Both Shakespeare and Eco have explored the tension existing between words and the realities they name. With the conclusion that names are, in general, just labels, simple stickers put to identify things. And this includes those given to great theorems or spectacular discoveries. Not even “Pythagoras’ theorem” was discovered by Pythago-ras, as is now well-known. Stigler's law of eponymy is recalled to further substantiate those statements. These points will be at the heart of the investigation carried out here, concerning the very important concept of “Big Bang”. Everybody thinks to know what “the Big Bang” is, but only very few do know it, in fact. When Fred Hoyle first pro-nounced these two words together, on a BBC radio program, listeners were actually left with the false image that Hoyle was trying to destroy. That is, the tremendous ex-plosion of Lemaître’s primeval atom (or cosmic egg), which scattered all its enormous matter and energy content throughout the rest of the Universe. This image is abso-lutely wrong! As will be concluded, today the label “Big Bang” is used in several dif-ferent contexts: (a) the Big Bang Singularity; (b) as the equivalent of cosmic inflation; (c) speaking of the Big Bang cosmological model; (d) to name a very popular TV pro-gram; and more.