Development and Characterization of Asparagus racemosus and Legume-Based Premix Supplement for Women’s Reproductive Health

Background: Infertility and hormonal imbalances are becoming more prevalent issues among women globally, particularly in developing countries. Plant-based, protein-rich dietary interventions offer a natural approach to support reproductive health and metabolic balance. Protein-rich legumes from Uttarakhand's Kumaoni and Garhwal region combined with Asparagus racemosus (A. racemosus) (Shatavari) may provide phytoestrogens, antioxidants, and steroidal saponins that contribute to female hormonal and reproductive well-being. Objective: This study aimed to develop and characterize a protein-rich A. racemosus–legume premix as a therapeutic supplement targeting women’s reproductive and overall health. Methods: Four formulations of the premix were prepared using a mixture of legumes, A. racemosus powder, Kulthi Dal, Moth Bean dal, bhat dal, jaggery, and cocoa powder. The formulations were evaluated for proximate composition and mineral analysis, phytochemical levels (phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins), and antioxidant activity. Functional and structural properties were assessed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, and particle size analysis. Microbial safety was confirmed through total plate count and the absence of yeast, mold, and pathogenic bacteria. Results: Among the four formulations, BKMA4 demonstrated the highest antioxidant activity (19.74 ± 0.45), elevated fat (19.04 ± 0.32) and fiber content (6.04 ± 0.24), Phenolic content (mg GAE/g) 1.0929 ± 0.1351,and uniform particle size (~1000 nm), suggesting improved dispersion and potential bioavailability. BKMA3 exhibited the highest protein content (9.02 ± 0.17). The premix successfully combined anthocyanin and isoflavone-rich legumes with saponin-containing A. racemosus, creating a nutrient-dense therapeutic, high-protein supplement for female reproductive and metabolic health. Conclusion: The developed protein-rich A. racemosus–legume premix shows promising dietary supplement as a functional food for women, providing both macronutrient support and bioactive compounds to address reproductive and metabolic health needs.